OFFENSES AND SANCTIONS
Students violating Islamic Institute of the Philippines’ rules and regulations shall receive disciplinary consequences commensurate with their misbehavior. In general, discipline shall be progressively administered so that penalties increase due to the severity or persistence of the misbehavior. The length of the punishment will depend on the offence. The consequences are not necessarily in the order of their severity. One or more disciplinary options may be used for a single offence if deemed appropriate. The staff-person responsible for the discipline of a student in a given situation may use discretion in determining which of the listed disciplinary options is most appropriate to the setting and the violation.
In addition to this discipline policy and procedure, Ottawa Islamic School staff may establish more specific, detailed discipline plans for their individual classes. These detailed plans shall conform to all provisions of this discipline policy and procedures. Ottawa Islamic School staff is responsible for developing, updating, and re-evaluating these plans on a monthly basis for effectiveness. Any revisions shall not conflict with any provision of his discipline policy and procedure.
This Student Manual belongs to:
Name
Grade and Section
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Foreword
Overview
Declaration of Objectives
Organizational Structure
School Curriculum
Grading System and Scholastic Standing
Tuition
Students Organization
Uses of School Facilities
Offenses and Sanctions
Memorandum of Agreement
GENERAL ACADEMY POLICIES
Class Attendance
Regular class attendance is required of every student. Habitual absences or unexcused absences shall be recorded by the subject teacher and referred to the guidance counselor. At the same time, parents or guardians are notified by the guidance counselor of these incurred absences.
Dress Code
The Islamic Institute of the Philippines dress code is established to teach grooming and hygiene instills discipline, prevent disruption, avoid safety hazards, and teach respect for authority. Students should be dressed and groomed in a manner that is clean and neat and that will not be a health or safety hazard to themselves or others.
Identification Card
Each student is required her I.D. Card within school premises. This is obtained immediately after enrolment.
Prayer Sessions
Students are required to pray during noon, mid-afternoon and sunset in school as part of the Muslims culture- to pray five times a day and the two prayer sessions will be done to their respective houses.
USES OF SCHOOL FACILITIES
The Campus will include a conference centre, triple gymnasium, library and reading room, Mosque and a swimming pool. The complex will also be home to an Islamic High School which will cater to Muslim students who are desirous of combining traditional, time-honored education values with modern learning techniques.
Phase one of the building project is in its advanced stages with the building constructed while finishing touches are placed. Phase one will comprise classroom, library, multi-purpose hall and other necessary amenities.
FOREWORD
Aqidah School was under the leadership of Abrahim Jabushe, the 1970 edition contained academic and other school and policies and admission requirements.
After more than 3 decades the school was renamed into Islamic Institute of the Philippines with Gurad Feknar as the first President of the Institute. The name (IIP) was named by Luvarah Sanaret.
From 2006 up to present, the rules and regulations are still maintained by the new President, Nurvahe Duk’.
OVERVIEW
History and Development
The early beginnings of the Islamic Institute of the Philippines go back to 1970 when the Aqidah School was established as one of the earliest Islamic secondary schools (exclusively for girls) in the Philippines. It was founded by the Muslims with its main purpose, to develop strong character and spirituality.
Through Proclamation No. 115 on April 17, 2006, it was now named as Islamic Institute of the Philippines, reestablished by the NEGARAYOL Organization and is located in Monterazas, Guadalupe, Cebu City.
Official Color
Black and Red
Official Seal
The Seal of IIP System is Gear bearing the name Islamic Institute of the Philippines. Inscribed in it are two symbols which represent the schools’ motto, "Education for Virtuous Living".
STUDENTS ORGANIZATION
MSO-Muslim Student Organization
The organization exists to encourage the student to pray in congregation, beside some other activities providing Islamic services to Muslim brothers and trying to expand the understanding of Islam.
FMSL-Federation of Muslim Student Leaders
The organization exists to cater the concern of the students. This is the voice of the student body to the administration, faculty and staff. Students are considered members of the Federation of Muslim Student Leaders. Every year an Accomplishment Report including the liquidation of expenses must be submitted to the student affairs office.
Student Publication
It is published by the student body through an editorial board and publication staff composed of student selected by the fair and competitive examinations.
TUITION
Tuition is charged to meet expenses incurred throughout the school year. This fee does not include the cost of textbooks and school supplies. Tuition must be paid at the beginning of the school year. In cases of economic hardship, fees may be reduced or waived. Forms for requesting a waiver are available at the office.
Tuition Charges per month:
Grade 7- Php 10 000
Grade 8- Php 15 000
Grade 9- Php 20 000
Grade 10- Php 25 000
Grade 11- Php 27 000
Grade 12- Php 40 000
Books and Supplies:
Students will have the opportunity to buy textbooks at the beginning of the year. They will also be required to bring with them paper, pencil, and other school supplies every week. Book bags are recommended. Students are responsible for their own belonging.
DECLARATION OF OBJECTIVES
VISION
The Islamic Institute of the Philippines envisions and works towards the day when Islamic schools will be the preferred centers for learning and leadership that nurture and encourage Saudi Arabia youth to develop their innate creativity and inquisitive nature in the pursuance of academic excellence while anchoring their hearts and souls in a moral framework of a God-centered life.
Mission
The Islamic Institute of the Philippines is committed to working in partnership with Muslim educators and Islamic organizations to foster the development and growth of quality education in an Islamic environment for Muslim children, primarily by enhancing the quality of instruction and the stability of school governance structures and finances.
GOAL
We strive to raise our students to be: committed balanced Muslims, knowledgeable scholars, contributing citizens and community builders.
PRIORITIES
•Emphasis on Faith (IMAAN)
•Emphasis on Prayer (SALAH)
•Emphasis on Character (AKHLAAQ)
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
Board of directors
President- Christianne Eric O. Amin
Vice President - Alexza Ann G. Khadim
Chancellor and Senior Professor- Noriel V. Kutty
Treasurer- Rosemarrie S. Ali
Chair of the Fundraising Committee- Gem B. Mobeen
Campus Director- Loui D. Hamid
Director in charge of Youth- Arcile P. Khan
Secretary- Hubert Y. Hussain
GRADING SYSTEM AND SCHOLASTIC STANDING
Students will work individually or in groups based on the exams/assignments. Supplementary readings will be suggested along with each lecture topic. Students are encouraged to conduct literature searches or library research and actively participate in the discussion board with any question or to share knowledge/ideas. Each lecture contains some sample questions. The students are NOT required to send answers of the questions each week.
Evaluation will be performed by four exams and a final project submission. The students will be asked to decide on the project.
Passing Grade: 70
Good: 70-79
Very Good: 80-89
Excellent: 90-100
Marks Distribution: Class Participation: 30%
Quizzes/Assignments: 20%
First and Second Grading: 20%
Third and Fourth Grading: 20%
Islamic Studies
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Arabic as a Second Language (ASL)
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
School Curriculum
Math
Grade 7: IB-Middle Years Programme Level 2: Mathematics for the International Student
Grade 8: IB-Middle Years Programme Level 3: Mathematics for the International Student
Grade 9: IB-Middle Years Programme Level 4: Mathematics for the International Student
Grade 10: IB-Middle Years Programme Level 5: Pre-Diploma Studies
Grade 11: First Year IB-Diploma Programme Studies
Grade 12: Second Year IB-Diploma Programme Studies
Ap Calculus: Second Year IB-Diploma Programme Studies
Science
Grade 7: Life Science
Grade 8: Physical Science
Grade 9: Conceptual Physics
Grade 10: Chemistry
Grade 11: Physics
Elective: AP Physics
Elective: AP Biology
Elective: AP Chemistry
English
Grade 7: Literary Genres and Composition
Grade 8: Elements of Literature and Composition I
Grade 9: Elements of Literature and Composition II
Grade 10: World Literature I
Grade 11: American Literature
Grade 12: World Literature II
AP Literature and Composition
Social Studies
In grades 7 through 11, Social Studies is offered in both English and Arabic.
Grade 7: Social Studies: Civics and World Geography; Arabic Social Studies: Geography, History
Grade 8: Social Studies: Ancient World History; Arabic Social Studies: Geography, History
Grade 9: Social Studies: Modern World History; Arabic Social Studies: Geography
Grade 10: Social Studies: Global Studies; Arabic Social Studies: Geography
Grade 11: Social Studies: United States History; Arabic Social Studies: Geography
Elective: Economics
Elective: Psychology
Elective: Sociology
Elective: Twentieth Century Empires
Art
Grade 7: Introduction to Visual Arts
Grade 8 Visual Arts
Elective: Drawing & Painting
Elective: Creative Crafts
Elective: Graphic Arts
Elective: Ceramics
Physical and Health Education
Grades 7-12: Physical Education
Grade 10: Health Education
English as a Second Language (ESL)
Level I
Level II
Level III
Computer Science
Grade 7
Grade 8
Grade 9
Grade 10
Grade 11
Grade 12
Arabic
Grade 7: Arabic Language
Grade 8: Arabic Language
Grade 9: Arabic Language
Grade 10: Arabic Literature I
Grade 11: Arabic Literature II
Grade 12: Arabic Literature III
MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT
(Student Pledge Seeking Admission to this College)
I._____________ with the knowledge of _____________ and
(name of student) (name of Parent/Guardian)
______________ in consideration of my admission to the IIP
(President)
System, do hereby agree to the following terms and conditions.
1. That I shall conduct myself in accordance with the provisions as stated in the Student’s Manual and in such a manner as not to bring disgrace or dishonor to myself and to this institution;
2. That I shall renounce my membership to/not join any sororities or any organization not authorize by the school;
3. That I shall not be given a good moral character certification if I violate any of the rules and regulations stated in this agreement and in the policies stipulated in the Student Handbook.
4. That above all I and my parents/guardians agree that I be dismissed/or not allowed to re-enroll in the next semester if proven to be a member of a sorority or any organization not authorize by the academy.
IN WITNESS HEREOF, we have hereunder set our hands this ___ day of ___, 200___, at IIP System.
______________________ ____________________
Student’s Signature over Printed Name Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature over
Printed Name
Saturday, March 26, 2011
TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY SAWANG CALERO CEBU CITY
____________________________________________
An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Languages and Literature Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Cebu Technological University, Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Ave. corner R. Palma St. Cebu City
________________________________________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in
Fundamentals in Developmental Research & Extension
Engl 5A
_____________________________________________________
by
CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
March 2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise and thanksgiving to God Almighty for His spiritual guidance, eternal love, divine protection, strength and wisdom that made this work possible.
My profound thanks and heartfelt gratitude for the extensive cooperation and assistance of the following vital people:
Dr. Edwin A. Pilapil, for his guidance, comments, suggestions and patience in helping this research worthy.
To my Parents for their love, support and guidance.
To my Sisters and Brothers- In- Law for giving their best support.
To Calidguid Family who lend their computer for me to encode and search related matters of my study.
To the Library (College of Advanced Studies) for letting me stay in the place.
To my Classmates who shared their ideas, efforts and assistance upon doing this study.
To my Friends who are always there in giving me an abet and suggestions.
CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
DEDICATIONS
This work is sincerely and heartily dedicated to the following for their support, adoration, affection and for being my precious gem in life:
My Parents
Ricardo B. Orbiso
Marites T. Orbiso
My Nephews
Abednigue Zadrach O. Encarguez
Marvin O. Perez
Mark Vanness O. Perez
My Sisters
Maricar O. Encarguez
Rhea Mae O. Perez
CHRISTIANNE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………….ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………........iii
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….....iv
Chapter Page
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE…………………………………………
Introduction…………………………………………………………………..
Rationale of the Study……………………………………………….
Theoretical Background………………………………………………
Theoretical Framework………………………………………………
The Problem
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….
Null Hypothesis………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study…………………………………………….
Research Methodology……………………………………………………….
Flow of the Study…………………………………………………….
Research Environment……………………………………………….
Research Respondents………………………………………………..
Research Instrument………………………………………………….
Research Procedures………………………………………………….
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………….
Scoring Procedure……………………………………………………
DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………………..
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………..
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Rationale of the Study
The inevitable growth of different things in this modern era usually yields bad exemplifications in life. Due to the evolution of man’s wit and skills, various things had been discovered and innovated. One example of which is the existence of media in the world that is somewhat affecting the status of living of the individuals especially to the teenagers. This could be the pace in putting the lives of the teenagers to venture and risk. The influence of the television shows, sexually explicited movies, weakening of the family bond, discarding of values practices and the like can be the reasons for the teenagers to commit sex drive.
Sex drive is a predisposition to seek sexual and sex- related response from one or more others and awakens in early teens and remains powerful throughout life. (Horton, 1984). This is why the number of cases of teenage pregnancy had risen up.
In the Philippines, according to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience. What’s worse is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement. (http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view/20080614-142572/Teen-pregnancies-in-the-Philippines)
Some teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy are 16.5 million who belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of Filipino young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. (http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=article&view=1294)
Hence, as observed in the Barangay of Sawang Calero Cebu City, teenage pregnancy is one of the rapid predicaments in the locality. The study will look into the respondents who had experienced this problem and to the perception of the parents with regards to this matter. On the other hand, the result will be posed to the Barangay Officials for them to give action in such a way that this will be mitigated or even solved and to awaken the teenagers especially women from the unconsciousness of the bitter effects and of the decadence of moral values to sexual relationships which is the main reason of teenage pregnancy.
Theoretical Background
Teenagers are meant to enjoy their lives to the fullest for adolescence is the stage to explore, discover and fulfill.
Yet, most of the teenagers are unaware of the things that surround them. Due to the full enjoyment, eagerness and unconsciousness, things that they do ended up to hopelessness. Being a teenager is innate to be immature but despite the immaturity, awareness must always be present no matter what actions that these teenagers are into.
Unfortunately, some teenagers led to failures because of the wrong choice. The population of the teenagers who got pregnant is fast rising. This study seeks a further understanding on the perceptions of the parents, the problems encountered by the teenagers and how this affects to the lives of the teenagers.
The theoretical perspective of this study is based on the Critical Feminist Theory.
Critical Feminist Theory focuses keenly on power relations and linked issues such as the unequal status and privileged accorded to women compared to that accorded to men.
This theory is subsets of two boarder groups of theories: Feminist Theory and Critical Theory.
Feminist theory is patriarchy which is a system that reflects primarily the interests, perspectives and experience of men as a group.
Critical Theory aims to identify prevailing structures and practices that create or uphold disadvantage, inequity or oppression and to point the way toward alternatives that promote more egalitarian possibility for individuals, relationships, groups and societies. (Baxter & Braithwaite, 2008).
When Critical and Feminist Theory collide, the results are, this theory now identifies, critiques, seeks to change inequities and discrimination specifically to sex and gender.
This theory is strongly focusing to the empowerment and to give voice for the women because some women nowadays are victims of human trafficking, sexual harassment and indulged into sex relations that even in the modern era, the victims are getting younger and younger.
Teenagers at the present time became more prone to the crime distinctively to sex- oriented matters. That’s why, the rising growth of teenage pregnancy is rapid in different places may it be internationally, nationally and even in local places.
Theoretical Framework
The focus of the study is to promote awareness on teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City.
The problem will be answered by the teenagers who are pregnant or by the people who undergone or experienced teenage pregnancy.
Critical Feminist Theory
Figure I. Theoretical Background
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to assess the perceptions of teenage pregnancy to the respondents in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City during Calendar Year 2011 as basis for awareness.
Specifically, this study seeks to investigate the following questions.
1. What is the profile of the group in terms of:
1.1 Parents
1.1.1 Economic Condition?
1.2 Teenage Pregnant Woman
1.2.1 Age of Pregnancy?
1.2.2 Educational Attainment?
2. What is the perception of the parents towards teenage pregnancy in terms of:
2.1 Health Problems?
2.2 Social Concern?
2.3 Financial Problem?
2.4 Emotional Aspect?
2.5 Religious Factor?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the group and perceptions of parents towards teenage pregnancy?
4. What problems do the respondents encountered in an early pregnancy?
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the perceptions of the parents toward teenage pregnancy.
Significance of the Study
The study will greatly help the following groups:
Barangay Officials. The findings of this study will serve as basis for upgrading policies or programs protecting women teenagers who are nowadays, much prone to pregnancy.
Teenagers. This will provide insights on avoiding such problem and to be always conscious to the consequences brought on teenage pregnancy.
Parents. The results will give them an abet as to be always responsible in handling their offsprings especially their daughters to avoid such predicament.
Community. The study will hopefully raise the awareness of the populace on how to deal with teenage pregnancy problems.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The nature of the study requires the utilization of descriptive method of research with the use of the questionnaire as a main data gathering tool.
The Flow of the Study
Figure 2 presents the flow of the study. It will involve the collection of data that will answer questions concerning information related to respondents’ profile as to economic condition, age, gender and educational attainment. Moreover the study will know the perception of the parents and the problems encounter of the respondents in teenage pregnancy. The sequence of the study will be through the formulation of the questionnaire, informal interviews and statistical computation and analysis. Finally, the output of this study will serve as a basis for awareness of the teenagers especially women.
Research Environment
The locale of the study is Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City. At present, the Barangay has 7 blocks. To locate the place, San Nicolas Parish Church is the indication in getting there.
The usual source of income of the residents is the fish. Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City is also located near the Pasil Fish Market.
That is why sometimes, the place is wrongly known as Barangay Pasil because the Fish Market is just close to the Barangay Sawang Calero.
Figure 3 shows the map which locates the Barangay Sawang Calero Cebu City.
Research Respondents
Women teenagers from 12 to 19 years old and the parents of the teenagers will be the target population of this study. These teenagers will be taken by using a random sampling method that particularly underwent into an teenage pregnancy. These respondents must only be living under the blocks of Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City and preferably willing to share their experiences on teenage pregnancy.
Research Instrument
The questionnaire will be the main instrument to use inorder to gather data. This will be composed of two types. The first questionnaire will be for the teenage pregnant women with their profile in terms of their age, gender and educational attainment together with their problems undergone in teenage pregnancy. The second will be for the profile of the parents in terms of their economic condition which includes their perceptions toward teenage pregnancy.
Research Procedures
The researcher will personally administer the pre- testing of the questionnaire to the women teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy and to the parents of the target respondents to yield an improvement whether it is needed to be added or omitted. The questionnaire will then be revised and be distributed to the same respondents.
Statistical Treatment
The study will be administered using the questionnaire, the frequency of responses will be tallied, collated and tabulated by using these procedures:
1. To determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age and educational attainment and the economic condition of the parents, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used using this formula.
p = f x 100%
n
where:
p is percentage
f is frequency
N is number of cases
100% is constant
2. To analyze and interpret the data of the perception of the parents, the weighted mean will be used using the formula:
x = fw
N
where:
x is weighted mean
f is frequency
w is weights 3, 2, 1
N is number of cases
To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:
Weights Descriptive Rating
3 - Strongly Agree (SA)
2 – Agree (A)
1 – Disagree (D)
3. To find out the significant relationship in the perception of the parents regarding teenage pregnancy to t he profile of the respondents (teenage pregnant women and parents), the formula will be used.
x 2 = ( fo-fe)2
fe
where:
fo is observed frequency
fe is expected frequency
x is chi square
To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:
Weights Descriptive Rating
3- Clearly Manifested (CM)
2- Manifested (M)
1- Not manifested (NM)
4. To identify the problems encountered, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used similar to that of number 1.
Scoring Procedure
The data will be scored in accordance to the following given categories:
Perceptions of the Parents toward Teenage Pregnancy
Weight Numerical Ranges Adjectival Interpretation Verbal Description
3 2.34- 3.00 Strongly Agree (SA) The choices are very agreeable.
2 1.67- 2.33 Agree (A) The choices are agreeable.
1 1.00- 1.66 Disagree (D) The choices are not aggreable.
Problems encountered by the Teenage Pregnant Women
Weight Numerical Ranges Adjectival Interpretation Verbal Description
3 2.34- 3.00 Clearly Manifested (CM) The options are very clear.
2 1.67- 2.33 Manifested (M) The options are clear.
1 1.00- 1.66 Not Manifested (NM) The options are not clear.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To avoid confusion due to the varied connotations of words, the following terms were defined operationally and conceptually as used in this research report:
Teenagers are the persons in the teen years which are the target respondents in this research study.
Pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant or the act of carrying an unborn young within the body.
Teenage Pregnancy is a condition of carrying an unborn baby at an early age.
Perceptions of the Parents refer to the evaluation of the problems toward teenage pregnancy.
Profile of the Respondents operationally refers to the parents’ and teenage pregnant women characteristics in terms of economic condition, age, gender and educational attainment.
Basis for awareness is the product aimed of this study for the other teenagers to be conscious about the effect of teenage pregnancy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Languages and Literature Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Cebu Technological University, Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Ave. corner R. Palma St. Cebu City
________________________________________________________________
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in
Fundamentals in Developmental Research & Extension
Engl 5A
_____________________________________________________
by
CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
March 2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praise and thanksgiving to God Almighty for His spiritual guidance, eternal love, divine protection, strength and wisdom that made this work possible.
My profound thanks and heartfelt gratitude for the extensive cooperation and assistance of the following vital people:
Dr. Edwin A. Pilapil, for his guidance, comments, suggestions and patience in helping this research worthy.
To my Parents for their love, support and guidance.
To my Sisters and Brothers- In- Law for giving their best support.
To Calidguid Family who lend their computer for me to encode and search related matters of my study.
To the Library (College of Advanced Studies) for letting me stay in the place.
To my Classmates who shared their ideas, efforts and assistance upon doing this study.
To my Friends who are always there in giving me an abet and suggestions.
CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
DEDICATIONS
This work is sincerely and heartily dedicated to the following for their support, adoration, affection and for being my precious gem in life:
My Parents
Ricardo B. Orbiso
Marites T. Orbiso
My Nephews
Abednigue Zadrach O. Encarguez
Marvin O. Perez
Mark Vanness O. Perez
My Sisters
Maricar O. Encarguez
Rhea Mae O. Perez
CHRISTIANNE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………….ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………........iii
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….....iv
Chapter Page
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE…………………………………………
Introduction…………………………………………………………………..
Rationale of the Study……………………………………………….
Theoretical Background………………………………………………
Theoretical Framework………………………………………………
The Problem
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….
Null Hypothesis………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study…………………………………………….
Research Methodology……………………………………………………….
Flow of the Study…………………………………………………….
Research Environment……………………………………………….
Research Respondents………………………………………………..
Research Instrument………………………………………………….
Research Procedures………………………………………………….
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………….
Scoring Procedure……………………………………………………
DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………………..
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………..
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Rationale of the Study
The inevitable growth of different things in this modern era usually yields bad exemplifications in life. Due to the evolution of man’s wit and skills, various things had been discovered and innovated. One example of which is the existence of media in the world that is somewhat affecting the status of living of the individuals especially to the teenagers. This could be the pace in putting the lives of the teenagers to venture and risk. The influence of the television shows, sexually explicited movies, weakening of the family bond, discarding of values practices and the like can be the reasons for the teenagers to commit sex drive.
Sex drive is a predisposition to seek sexual and sex- related response from one or more others and awakens in early teens and remains powerful throughout life. (Horton, 1984). This is why the number of cases of teenage pregnancy had risen up.
In the Philippines, according to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience. What’s worse is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement. (http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view/20080614-142572/Teen-pregnancies-in-the-Philippines)
Some teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy are 16.5 million who belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of Filipino young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. (http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=article&view=1294)
Hence, as observed in the Barangay of Sawang Calero Cebu City, teenage pregnancy is one of the rapid predicaments in the locality. The study will look into the respondents who had experienced this problem and to the perception of the parents with regards to this matter. On the other hand, the result will be posed to the Barangay Officials for them to give action in such a way that this will be mitigated or even solved and to awaken the teenagers especially women from the unconsciousness of the bitter effects and of the decadence of moral values to sexual relationships which is the main reason of teenage pregnancy.
Theoretical Background
Teenagers are meant to enjoy their lives to the fullest for adolescence is the stage to explore, discover and fulfill.
Yet, most of the teenagers are unaware of the things that surround them. Due to the full enjoyment, eagerness and unconsciousness, things that they do ended up to hopelessness. Being a teenager is innate to be immature but despite the immaturity, awareness must always be present no matter what actions that these teenagers are into.
Unfortunately, some teenagers led to failures because of the wrong choice. The population of the teenagers who got pregnant is fast rising. This study seeks a further understanding on the perceptions of the parents, the problems encountered by the teenagers and how this affects to the lives of the teenagers.
The theoretical perspective of this study is based on the Critical Feminist Theory.
Critical Feminist Theory focuses keenly on power relations and linked issues such as the unequal status and privileged accorded to women compared to that accorded to men.
This theory is subsets of two boarder groups of theories: Feminist Theory and Critical Theory.
Feminist theory is patriarchy which is a system that reflects primarily the interests, perspectives and experience of men as a group.
Critical Theory aims to identify prevailing structures and practices that create or uphold disadvantage, inequity or oppression and to point the way toward alternatives that promote more egalitarian possibility for individuals, relationships, groups and societies. (Baxter & Braithwaite, 2008).
When Critical and Feminist Theory collide, the results are, this theory now identifies, critiques, seeks to change inequities and discrimination specifically to sex and gender.
This theory is strongly focusing to the empowerment and to give voice for the women because some women nowadays are victims of human trafficking, sexual harassment and indulged into sex relations that even in the modern era, the victims are getting younger and younger.
Teenagers at the present time became more prone to the crime distinctively to sex- oriented matters. That’s why, the rising growth of teenage pregnancy is rapid in different places may it be internationally, nationally and even in local places.
Theoretical Framework
The focus of the study is to promote awareness on teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City.
The problem will be answered by the teenagers who are pregnant or by the people who undergone or experienced teenage pregnancy.
Critical Feminist Theory
Figure I. Theoretical Background
THE PROBLEM
Statement of the Problem
The study aims to assess the perceptions of teenage pregnancy to the respondents in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City during Calendar Year 2011 as basis for awareness.
Specifically, this study seeks to investigate the following questions.
1. What is the profile of the group in terms of:
1.1 Parents
1.1.1 Economic Condition?
1.2 Teenage Pregnant Woman
1.2.1 Age of Pregnancy?
1.2.2 Educational Attainment?
2. What is the perception of the parents towards teenage pregnancy in terms of:
2.1 Health Problems?
2.2 Social Concern?
2.3 Financial Problem?
2.4 Emotional Aspect?
2.5 Religious Factor?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the group and perceptions of parents towards teenage pregnancy?
4. What problems do the respondents encountered in an early pregnancy?
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the perceptions of the parents toward teenage pregnancy.
Significance of the Study
The study will greatly help the following groups:
Barangay Officials. The findings of this study will serve as basis for upgrading policies or programs protecting women teenagers who are nowadays, much prone to pregnancy.
Teenagers. This will provide insights on avoiding such problem and to be always conscious to the consequences brought on teenage pregnancy.
Parents. The results will give them an abet as to be always responsible in handling their offsprings especially their daughters to avoid such predicament.
Community. The study will hopefully raise the awareness of the populace on how to deal with teenage pregnancy problems.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The nature of the study requires the utilization of descriptive method of research with the use of the questionnaire as a main data gathering tool.
The Flow of the Study
Figure 2 presents the flow of the study. It will involve the collection of data that will answer questions concerning information related to respondents’ profile as to economic condition, age, gender and educational attainment. Moreover the study will know the perception of the parents and the problems encounter of the respondents in teenage pregnancy. The sequence of the study will be through the formulation of the questionnaire, informal interviews and statistical computation and analysis. Finally, the output of this study will serve as a basis for awareness of the teenagers especially women.
Research Environment
The locale of the study is Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City. At present, the Barangay has 7 blocks. To locate the place, San Nicolas Parish Church is the indication in getting there.
The usual source of income of the residents is the fish. Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City is also located near the Pasil Fish Market.
That is why sometimes, the place is wrongly known as Barangay Pasil because the Fish Market is just close to the Barangay Sawang Calero.
Figure 3 shows the map which locates the Barangay Sawang Calero Cebu City.
Research Respondents
Women teenagers from 12 to 19 years old and the parents of the teenagers will be the target population of this study. These teenagers will be taken by using a random sampling method that particularly underwent into an teenage pregnancy. These respondents must only be living under the blocks of Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City and preferably willing to share their experiences on teenage pregnancy.
Research Instrument
The questionnaire will be the main instrument to use inorder to gather data. This will be composed of two types. The first questionnaire will be for the teenage pregnant women with their profile in terms of their age, gender and educational attainment together with their problems undergone in teenage pregnancy. The second will be for the profile of the parents in terms of their economic condition which includes their perceptions toward teenage pregnancy.
Research Procedures
The researcher will personally administer the pre- testing of the questionnaire to the women teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy and to the parents of the target respondents to yield an improvement whether it is needed to be added or omitted. The questionnaire will then be revised and be distributed to the same respondents.
Statistical Treatment
The study will be administered using the questionnaire, the frequency of responses will be tallied, collated and tabulated by using these procedures:
1. To determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age and educational attainment and the economic condition of the parents, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used using this formula.
p = f x 100%
n
where:
p is percentage
f is frequency
N is number of cases
100% is constant
2. To analyze and interpret the data of the perception of the parents, the weighted mean will be used using the formula:
x = fw
N
where:
x is weighted mean
f is frequency
w is weights 3, 2, 1
N is number of cases
To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:
Weights Descriptive Rating
3 - Strongly Agree (SA)
2 – Agree (A)
1 – Disagree (D)
3. To find out the significant relationship in the perception of the parents regarding teenage pregnancy to t he profile of the respondents (teenage pregnant women and parents), the formula will be used.
x 2 = ( fo-fe)2
fe
where:
fo is observed frequency
fe is expected frequency
x is chi square
To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:
Weights Descriptive Rating
3- Clearly Manifested (CM)
2- Manifested (M)
1- Not manifested (NM)
4. To identify the problems encountered, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used similar to that of number 1.
Scoring Procedure
The data will be scored in accordance to the following given categories:
Perceptions of the Parents toward Teenage Pregnancy
Weight Numerical Ranges Adjectival Interpretation Verbal Description
3 2.34- 3.00 Strongly Agree (SA) The choices are very agreeable.
2 1.67- 2.33 Agree (A) The choices are agreeable.
1 1.00- 1.66 Disagree (D) The choices are not aggreable.
Problems encountered by the Teenage Pregnant Women
Weight Numerical Ranges Adjectival Interpretation Verbal Description
3 2.34- 3.00 Clearly Manifested (CM) The options are very clear.
2 1.67- 2.33 Manifested (M) The options are clear.
1 1.00- 1.66 Not Manifested (NM) The options are not clear.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
To avoid confusion due to the varied connotations of words, the following terms were defined operationally and conceptually as used in this research report:
Teenagers are the persons in the teen years which are the target respondents in this research study.
Pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant or the act of carrying an unborn young within the body.
Teenage Pregnancy is a condition of carrying an unborn baby at an early age.
Perceptions of the Parents refer to the evaluation of the problems toward teenage pregnancy.
Profile of the Respondents operationally refers to the parents’ and teenage pregnant women characteristics in terms of economic condition, age, gender and educational attainment.
Basis for awareness is the product aimed of this study for the other teenagers to be conscious about the effect of teenage pregnancy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
DESIDERATA
-- written by Max Ehrmann in the 1920s --
Not "Found in Old St. Paul's Church"! -- see below
Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
and remember what peace there may be in silence.
As far as possible, without surrender,
be on good terms with all persons.
Speak your truth quietly and clearly;
and listen to others,
even to the dull and the ignorant;
they too have their story.
Avoid loud and aggressive persons;
they are vexatious to the spirit.
If you compare yourself with others,
you may become vain or bitter,
for always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself.
Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans.
Keep interested in your own career, however humble;
it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time.
Exercise caution in your business affairs,
for the world is full of trickery.
But let this not blind you to what virtue there is;
many persons strive for high ideals,
and everywhere life is full of heroism.
Be yourself. Especially do not feign affection.
Neither be cynical about love,
for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment,
it is as perennial as the grass.
Take kindly the counsel of the years,
gracefully surrendering the things of youth.
Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune.
But do not distress yourself with dark imaginings.
Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness.
Beyond a wholesome discipline,
be gentle with yourself.
You are a child of the universe
no less than the trees and the stars;
you have a right to be here.
And whether or not it is clear to you,
no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should.
Therefore be at peace with God,
whatever you conceive Him to be.
And whatever your labors and aspirations,
in the noisy confusion of life,
keep peace in your soul.
With all its sham, drudgery, and broken dreams,
it is still a beautiful world.
Be cheerful. Strive to be happy.
Not "Found in Old St. Paul's Church"! -- see below
Go placidly amid the noise and the haste,
and remember what peace there may be in silence.
As far as possible, without surrender,
be on good terms with all persons.
Speak your truth quietly and clearly;
and listen to others,
even to the dull and the ignorant;
they too have their story.
Avoid loud and aggressive persons;
they are vexatious to the spirit.
If you compare yourself with others,
you may become vain or bitter,
for always there will be greater and lesser persons than yourself.
Enjoy your achievements as well as your plans.
Keep interested in your own career, however humble;
it is a real possession in the changing fortunes of time.
Exercise caution in your business affairs,
for the world is full of trickery.
But let this not blind you to what virtue there is;
many persons strive for high ideals,
and everywhere life is full of heroism.
Be yourself. Especially do not feign affection.
Neither be cynical about love,
for in the face of all aridity and disenchantment,
it is as perennial as the grass.
Take kindly the counsel of the years,
gracefully surrendering the things of youth.
Nurture strength of spirit to shield you in sudden misfortune.
But do not distress yourself with dark imaginings.
Many fears are born of fatigue and loneliness.
Beyond a wholesome discipline,
be gentle with yourself.
You are a child of the universe
no less than the trees and the stars;
you have a right to be here.
And whether or not it is clear to you,
no doubt the universe is unfolding as it should.
Therefore be at peace with God,
whatever you conceive Him to be.
And whatever your labors and aspirations,
in the noisy confusion of life,
keep peace in your soul.
With all its sham, drudgery, and broken dreams,
it is still a beautiful world.
Be cheerful. Strive to be happy.
The Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) starts its search for the country’s 10 outstanding Boy Scouts. This 21st year of searching, they giv
The Boy Scouts of the Philippines (BSP) starts its search for the country’s 10
outstanding Boy Scouts.
This 21st year of searching, they give due recognition to outstanding scouts who
show sterling qualities in school, community leadership, academic excellence
and good moral character.
The annual search is open to registerd Senior Scouts who are Filipino citizens and
in their third or fourth year high in high school.
The quest starts at the council level where scouts participate in the Regional
Eliminations and Represent their regions in the National Finals to be held in
Manila.
The criteria for judging include leadership potential, non- academic awards,
academic proficiency, personality and verbal communication.
BSP secretary General J. Rizal Pangilinan says winners will be announced on
October and receive a cash prize, a two- year college scholarship, plaques and
medals.
Ang Boy Scouts of the Philippines kun BSP nagsugud na sa tinu-ig nga indigay sa pagpili sa napulu ka ligdung nga mga Boy Scouts. Niining ika- baynte-unu nga katuigan sa pagpili, muhatag sila ug pasidungug sa mga Scouts nga mupakita ug maabi-abihun nga kalidad sa eskuylahan, igung abilidad sa pagpangulu sa kumunidad, pagkamaayu sa akademika ug maayung pamatasan. Abli kini sa mga rehistradung Senior Scouts nga lumad nga Pilipino ug aduna sa ika-tulu o upat nga lebel sa high school. Ang maung indigay magsugud sa council level diin ang mga scouts mulambigit sa rehiyunal nga pagtangtang ug mu-representar sa nagkadaiya nilang mga rehiyun sa National Finals nga mahitabu sa Manila. Ang basihan sa pagpili mao ang Potential sa pagpangulu, mga awards sa gawas sa academiya, pagkamaayu sulud sa akamediya, persunalidad ug ang abilidad sa pagpa-ma-ba. Ang BSP secretary J.
outstanding Boy Scouts.
This 21st year of searching, they give due recognition to outstanding scouts who
show sterling qualities in school, community leadership, academic excellence
and good moral character.
The annual search is open to registerd Senior Scouts who are Filipino citizens and
in their third or fourth year high in high school.
The quest starts at the council level where scouts participate in the Regional
Eliminations and Represent their regions in the National Finals to be held in
Manila.
The criteria for judging include leadership potential, non- academic awards,
academic proficiency, personality and verbal communication.
BSP secretary General J. Rizal Pangilinan says winners will be announced on
October and receive a cash prize, a two- year college scholarship, plaques and
medals.
Ang Boy Scouts of the Philippines kun BSP nagsugud na sa tinu-ig nga indigay sa pagpili sa napulu ka ligdung nga mga Boy Scouts. Niining ika- baynte-unu nga katuigan sa pagpili, muhatag sila ug pasidungug sa mga Scouts nga mupakita ug maabi-abihun nga kalidad sa eskuylahan, igung abilidad sa pagpangulu sa kumunidad, pagkamaayu sa akademika ug maayung pamatasan. Abli kini sa mga rehistradung Senior Scouts nga lumad nga Pilipino ug aduna sa ika-tulu o upat nga lebel sa high school. Ang maung indigay magsugud sa council level diin ang mga scouts mulambigit sa rehiyunal nga pagtangtang ug mu-representar sa nagkadaiya nilang mga rehiyun sa National Finals nga mahitabu sa Manila. Ang basihan sa pagpili mao ang Potential sa pagpangulu, mga awards sa gawas sa academiya, pagkamaayu sulud sa akamediya, persunalidad ug ang abilidad sa pagpa-ma-ba. Ang BSP secretary J.
Friday, March 25, 2011
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
Ang mga kwaknit parte kini sa atong katilingban. Dili kini makita sa kanunay tungud kay sila nagapuyu sa liblib nga dapit.
Importante sila sa tanum ug pagkuntrular sa mga insekto. Ang uban nga mga tanum o prutas nagdepende sa mga kwaknit alang sa polinasyon. Ang polinasyon usa ka proseso sa pagpadaghan sa usa ka klase nga tanum o prutas. Ang mga kwaknit mao ang mubuhat niini pinaagi sa pagdangup sa tanum ngadtu sa lain nga tanum.
Ang kwaknit mao ang magbuhat sa pag- katag- katag sa mag binhi sa mga tanum.
Adunay 1,100 nga klasi sa kwaknit nga makit- an kada kontinente gawas sa Antartika. Usa kini ka mammals ug sila lamang ang adunay kapasidad sa paglupad.
Ang Pagsa, Poro ug Montealegre, San Francisco sa Camotes, adunay tulu ka klasi nga mga kwaknit nga nadiskubrihan. Mao kini ang common short- nosed fruit bat (Cynopteros brachyotis) nga adunay 55 ka mga kwaknit, common rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus nga adunay 32 ug ang kinagamyan nga numero sa kwaknit mao ang dagger- toothed flower bat kun (Macroglossus minimus) nga adunay 14 kabuuk nga kwaknit.
Kini nagpasabut nga ang mga forest habitats sa Camotes nadaut na ug anaa na sa guba nga kundisyun.
Ang mga kwaknit nagkinahanglan ug kabatugan sama sa kakahuyan. Usa sa mga pamagi nga makatabang sa pag luwas sa mga kwaknit mao ang pagpananum ug ang pag- undang sa kanunay nga pagpamutul sa mga kahuy arun padayun sila nga managhan.
Short-nosed dagger-toothed rousette
Ang Isla sa Camotes adunay
101 ka mga kwaknit sa 3 nga nagkadaiyang klasi.
Alang sa dugang kasayuran, pangitaa ug kuntaka sila si:
Rachel Luz V. Rica
Rebecca DC. Manalastas
Cebu Technological University Main Campus
Address: M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St., Cebu City
Tel. No.: 416¬-6840
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
AMPINGAN TA ANG KWAKNIT!
Padayunun ang Pag- amuma sa mga Kwaknit!
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
Ang Camotes adunay tulu ka klasi nga mga kwaknit, ang common short- nosed fruit bat, common rousette u gang dagger- toothed fruit bat.
Alang sa dugang kasayuran, pangitaa ug kuntaka sila si:
Rachel Luz V. Rica
Rebecca DC. Manalastas
Cebu Technological University Main Campus
Address: M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St., Cebu City
Tel. No.: 416¬-6840
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
Ang Camotes adunay tulu ka klasi nga mga kwaknit, ang common short- nosed fruit bat, common rousette ug ang dagger- toothed fruit bat.
Alang sa dugang kasayuran, pangitaa ug kuntaka sila si:
Rachel Luz V. Rica
Rebecca DC. Manalastas
Cebu Technological University Main Campus
Address: M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St., Cebu City
Tel. No.: 416¬-6840
Ang mga kwaknit parte kini sa atong katilingban. Dili kini makita sa kanunay tungud kay sila nagapuyu sa liblib nga dapit.
Importante sila sa tanum ug pagkuntrular sa mga insekto. Ang uban nga mga tanum o prutas nagdepende sa mga kwaknit alang sa polinasyon. Ang polinasyon usa ka proseso sa pagpadaghan sa usa ka klase nga tanum o prutas. Ang mga kwaknit mao ang mubuhat niini pinaagi sa pagdangup sa tanum ngadtu sa lain nga tanum.
Ang kwaknit mao ang magbuhat sa pag- katag- katag sa mag binhi sa mga tanum.
Adunay 1,100 nga klasi sa kwaknit nga makit- an kada kontinente gawas sa Antartika. Usa kini ka mammals ug sila lamang ang adunay kapasidad sa paglupad.
Ang Pagsa, Poro ug Montealegre, San Francisco sa Camotes, adunay tulu ka klasi nga mga kwaknit nga nadiskubrihan. Mao kini ang common short- nosed fruit bat (Cynopteros brachyotis) nga adunay 55 ka mga kwaknit, common rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus nga adunay 32 ug ang kinagamyan nga numero sa kwaknit mao ang dagger- toothed flower bat kun (Macroglossus minimus) nga adunay 14 kabuuk nga kwaknit.
Kini nagpasabut nga ang mga forest habitats sa Camotes nadaut na ug anaa na sa guba nga kundisyun.
Ang mga kwaknit nagkinahanglan ug kabatugan sama sa kakahuyan. Usa sa mga pamagi nga makatabang sa pag luwas sa mga kwaknit mao ang pagpananum ug ang pag- undang sa kanunay nga pagpamutul sa mga kahuy arun padayun sila nga managhan.
Short-nosed dagger-toothed rousette
Ang Isla sa Camotes adunay
101 ka mga kwaknit sa 3 nga nagkadaiyang klasi.
Alang sa dugang kasayuran, pangitaa ug kuntaka sila si:
Rachel Luz V. Rica
Rebecca DC. Manalastas
Cebu Technological University Main Campus
Address: M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St., Cebu City
Tel. No.: 416¬-6840
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
AMPINGAN TA ANG KWAKNIT!
Padayunun ang Pag- amuma sa mga Kwaknit!
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
Ang Camotes adunay tulu ka klasi nga mga kwaknit, ang common short- nosed fruit bat, common rousette u gang dagger- toothed fruit bat.
Alang sa dugang kasayuran, pangitaa ug kuntaka sila si:
Rachel Luz V. Rica
Rebecca DC. Manalastas
Cebu Technological University Main Campus
Address: M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St., Cebu City
Tel. No.: 416¬-6840
MGA KWAKNIT SA ISLA SA CAMOTES
Ang Camotes adunay tulu ka klasi nga mga kwaknit, ang common short- nosed fruit bat, common rousette ug ang dagger- toothed fruit bat.
Alang sa dugang kasayuran, pangitaa ug kuntaka sila si:
Rachel Luz V. Rica
Rebecca DC. Manalastas
Cebu Technological University Main Campus
Address: M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St., Cebu City
Tel. No.: 416¬-6840
The Bat Species in Camotes Islands, Cebu
Bats are an integral part of our ecosystem. We may not see them very much because they are nocturnal and live a very secluded life.
Bats are significant in pollination of some crops and vegetation and in control of insects.
Some fruits and tropical flowers are totally dependent on bats for pollination. The bats also scatter seeds for new plants. Typically, they use their teeth to remove chunks of the fruit and return to a roost to eat it. They spit out the seeds and peeling, and in doing so scatter seeds.
There are 1100 species of bats and they are found on every continent except Antarctica. Bats are mammals and they are the only one that flies. Microbats are small and use echolocation to navigate. Megabats are larger and use visual navigation. No species is without some vision, but it may not be acute when echolocation is present. http://quazen.com/recreation/outdoors/the-importance-of-bats-in-the-ecosystem/
Pagsa, Poro and Montealegre San Francisco are the locales of the study. The study entitled “The Bat Species In Camotes, Islands, Cebu, Philippines” undertaken by the researchers aimed to assess the bat species in Camotes group of Islands to determine the species composition and relative abundance of bat species.
They found out that there are three available species in the islands and these are the common short- nosed fruit bat, common rousette, dagger- toothed flower bat.
There are only 101 individuals representing the three species of fruit bats. The most commonly captured and the most abundant species were the common short- nosed fruit bat Cynopteros brachyotis with 55 species followed by common rousette Rousettus amplexicaudatus having 32 specie sand the least number of individuals captured hence the lowest in terms of abundance was the dagger- toothed flower bat Macroglossus minimus with a total of 14 species.
This implies that the forest habitats of Camotes were already indicators of a disturbed and degraded habitats.
According to this website (http://www.batrescue.org/helpbats/index.html), bats need streams, forests, fields, marshes and chaparral to forage for insects or nectar, and to find safe roosts to raise their pups. This is the simple way on how to save the lives of the bats and to help them multiply for they stand a bigger impact in our ecosystem.
Bats are significant in pollination of some crops and vegetation and in control of insects.
Some fruits and tropical flowers are totally dependent on bats for pollination. The bats also scatter seeds for new plants. Typically, they use their teeth to remove chunks of the fruit and return to a roost to eat it. They spit out the seeds and peeling, and in doing so scatter seeds.
There are 1100 species of bats and they are found on every continent except Antarctica. Bats are mammals and they are the only one that flies. Microbats are small and use echolocation to navigate. Megabats are larger and use visual navigation. No species is without some vision, but it may not be acute when echolocation is present. http://quazen.com/recreation/outdoors/the-importance-of-bats-in-the-ecosystem/
Pagsa, Poro and Montealegre San Francisco are the locales of the study. The study entitled “The Bat Species In Camotes, Islands, Cebu, Philippines” undertaken by the researchers aimed to assess the bat species in Camotes group of Islands to determine the species composition and relative abundance of bat species.
They found out that there are three available species in the islands and these are the common short- nosed fruit bat, common rousette, dagger- toothed flower bat.
There are only 101 individuals representing the three species of fruit bats. The most commonly captured and the most abundant species were the common short- nosed fruit bat Cynopteros brachyotis with 55 species followed by common rousette Rousettus amplexicaudatus having 32 specie sand the least number of individuals captured hence the lowest in terms of abundance was the dagger- toothed flower bat Macroglossus minimus with a total of 14 species.
This implies that the forest habitats of Camotes were already indicators of a disturbed and degraded habitats.
According to this website (http://www.batrescue.org/helpbats/index.html), bats need streams, forests, fields, marshes and chaparral to forage for insects or nectar, and to find safe roosts to raise their pups. This is the simple way on how to save the lives of the bats and to help them multiply for they stand a bigger impact in our ecosystem.
THE BAT SPECIES IN CAMOTES ISLANDS, CEBU, PHILIPPINES
Bats are an integral part of our ecosystem. We may not see them very much because they are nocturnal and live a very secluded life.
In the Philippines there are 1, 100 species which can be found in forests, islands and anywhere wherein there are trees for them to live into.
Cebu Island is said to be as one of the degraded areas in the country. Thus, people need to conserve and preserve the species in the locality.
The Bat Species in Camotes Islands, Cebu, Philippines is the study conducted by the researchers of Cebu Technological University looked for the bat species in the Islands of Camotes particularly in Montealegre, San Francisco and Pagsa, Poro.
The researchers found out that there are a total of 101 bats representing three different species of fruit bats. 79 individuals were captured in Pagsa, Poro and 22 in Montealegre, San Francisco. The 55 individuals were the common short- nosed fruit bat (Cynopteros bracyotis), 32 were the common rousette (Rousettus amplixicaudatus) and 14 were the dagger- toothed flower bat ( Macroglossus minimus).
These species were caught within five days. Two days of netting in Montealegre, San Francisco and three days in Pagsa, Poro with a total of 75 net nights, 30 nets in Montealegre and 45 in Pagsa.
This result is considered as the indicator that the forest habitat in the study sites is in disturbed and in degraded condition.
Therefore, the conservation effort of the islands is imperative. The evasion of continuously cutting of trees or kaingin making can help the bat species in the islands be conserved and preserve.
By: Christianne Eric T. Orbiso
In the Philippines there are 1, 100 species which can be found in forests, islands and anywhere wherein there are trees for them to live into.
Cebu Island is said to be as one of the degraded areas in the country. Thus, people need to conserve and preserve the species in the locality.
The Bat Species in Camotes Islands, Cebu, Philippines is the study conducted by the researchers of Cebu Technological University looked for the bat species in the Islands of Camotes particularly in Montealegre, San Francisco and Pagsa, Poro.
The researchers found out that there are a total of 101 bats representing three different species of fruit bats. 79 individuals were captured in Pagsa, Poro and 22 in Montealegre, San Francisco. The 55 individuals were the common short- nosed fruit bat (Cynopteros bracyotis), 32 were the common rousette (Rousettus amplixicaudatus) and 14 were the dagger- toothed flower bat ( Macroglossus minimus).
These species were caught within five days. Two days of netting in Montealegre, San Francisco and three days in Pagsa, Poro with a total of 75 net nights, 30 nets in Montealegre and 45 in Pagsa.
This result is considered as the indicator that the forest habitat in the study sites is in disturbed and in degraded condition.
Therefore, the conservation effort of the islands is imperative. The evasion of continuously cutting of trees or kaingin making can help the bat species in the islands be conserved and preserve.
By: Christianne Eric T. Orbiso
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