TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY SAWANG CALERO CEBU CITY


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An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Languages and Literature Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Cebu Technological University, Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Ave. corner R. Palma St. Cebu City


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In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in
Fundamentals in Developmental Research & Extension
Engl 5A

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by



CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
March 2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

All praise and thanksgiving to God Almighty for His spiritual guidance, eternal love, divine protection, strength and wisdom that made this work possible.
My profound thanks and heartfelt gratitude for the extensive cooperation and assistance of the following vital people:
Dr. Edwin A. Pilapil, for his guidance, comments, suggestions and patience in helping this research worthy.
To my Parents for their love, support and guidance.
To my Sisters and Brothers- In- Law for giving their best support.
To Calidguid Family who lend their computer for me to encode and search related matters of my study.
To the Library (College of Advanced Studies) for letting me stay in the place.
To my Classmates who shared their ideas, efforts and assistance upon doing this study.
To my Friends who are always there in giving me an abet and suggestions.

CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
DEDICATIONS

This work is sincerely and heartily dedicated to the following for their support, adoration, affection and for being my precious gem in life:

My Parents
Ricardo B. Orbiso
Marites T. Orbiso
My Nephews
Abednigue Zadrach O. Encarguez
Marvin O. Perez
Mark Vanness O. Perez
My Sisters
Maricar O. Encarguez
Rhea Mae O. Perez

CHRISTIANNE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………….ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………........iii
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….....iv

Chapter Page

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE…………………………………………

Introduction…………………………………………………………………..
Rationale of the Study……………………………………………….
Theoretical Background………………………………………………
Theoretical Framework………………………………………………
The Problem
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….
Null Hypothesis………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study…………………………………………….
Research Methodology……………………………………………………….
Flow of the Study…………………………………………………….
Research Environment……………………………………………….
Research Respondents………………………………………………..
Research Instrument………………………………………………….
Research Procedures………………………………………………….
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………….
Scoring Procedure……………………………………………………
DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………………..

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………..
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………


THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

Rationale of the Study
The inevitable growth of different things in this modern era usually yields bad exemplifications in life. Due to the evolution of man’s wit and skills, various things had been discovered and innovated. One example of which is the existence of media in the world that is somewhat affecting the status of living of the individuals especially to the teenagers. This could be the pace in putting the lives of the teenagers to venture and risk. The influence of the television shows, sexually explicited movies, weakening of the family bond, discarding of values practices and the like can be the reasons for the teenagers to commit sex drive.
Sex drive is a predisposition to seek sexual and sex- related response from one or more others and awakens in early teens and remains powerful throughout life. (Horton, 1984). This is why the number of cases of teenage pregnancy had risen up.
In the Philippines, according to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (Uppi) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of our Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted to having a premarital sex experience. What’s worse is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement. (http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/lifestyle/lifestyle/view/20080614-142572/Teen-pregnancies-in-the-Philippines)
Some teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy are 16.5 million who belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of Filipino young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. (http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=article&view=1294)
Hence, as observed in the Barangay of Sawang Calero Cebu City, teenage pregnancy is one of the rapid predicaments in the locality. The study will look into the respondents who had experienced this problem and to the perception of the parents with regards to this matter. On the other hand, the result will be posed to the Barangay Officials for them to give action in such a way that this will be mitigated or even solved and to awaken the teenagers especially women from the unconsciousness of the bitter effects and of the decadence of moral values to sexual relationships which is the main reason of teenage pregnancy.
Theoretical Background
Teenagers are meant to enjoy their lives to the fullest for adolescence is the stage to explore, discover and fulfill.
Yet, most of the teenagers are unaware of the things that surround them. Due to the full enjoyment, eagerness and unconsciousness, things that they do ended up to hopelessness. Being a teenager is innate to be immature but despite the immaturity, awareness must always be present no matter what actions that these teenagers are into.
Unfortunately, some teenagers led to failures because of the wrong choice. The population of the teenagers who got pregnant is fast rising. This study seeks a further understanding on the perceptions of the parents, the problems encountered by the teenagers and how this affects to the lives of the teenagers.
The theoretical perspective of this study is based on the Critical Feminist Theory.
Critical Feminist Theory focuses keenly on power relations and linked issues such as the unequal status and privileged accorded to women compared to that accorded to men.
This theory is subsets of two boarder groups of theories: Feminist Theory and Critical Theory.
Feminist theory is patriarchy which is a system that reflects primarily the interests, perspectives and experience of men as a group.
Critical Theory aims to identify prevailing structures and practices that create or uphold disadvantage, inequity or oppression and to point the way toward alternatives that promote more egalitarian possibility for individuals, relationships, groups and societies. (Baxter & Braithwaite, 2008).
When Critical and Feminist Theory collide, the results are, this theory now identifies, critiques, seeks to change inequities and discrimination specifically to sex and gender.
This theory is strongly focusing to the empowerment and to give voice for the women because some women nowadays are victims of human trafficking, sexual harassment and indulged into sex relations that even in the modern era, the victims are getting younger and younger.
Teenagers at the present time became more prone to the crime distinctively to sex- oriented matters. That’s why, the rising growth of teenage pregnancy is rapid in different places may it be internationally, nationally and even in local places.
Theoretical Framework
The focus of the study is to promote awareness on teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City.
The problem will be answered by the teenagers who are pregnant or by the people who undergone or experienced teenage pregnancy.




Critical Feminist Theory














Figure I. Theoretical Background
THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem
The study aims to assess the perceptions of teenage pregnancy to the respondents in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City during Calendar Year 2011 as basis for awareness.
Specifically, this study seeks to investigate the following questions.
1. What is the profile of the group in terms of:
1.1 Parents
1.1.1 Economic Condition?
1.2 Teenage Pregnant Woman
1.2.1 Age of Pregnancy?
1.2.2 Educational Attainment?
2. What is the perception of the parents towards teenage pregnancy in terms of:
2.1 Health Problems?
2.2 Social Concern?
2.3 Financial Problem?
2.4 Emotional Aspect?
2.5 Religious Factor?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the group and perceptions of parents towards teenage pregnancy?
4. What problems do the respondents encountered in an early pregnancy?
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the perceptions of the parents toward teenage pregnancy.
Significance of the Study
The study will greatly help the following groups:
Barangay Officials. The findings of this study will serve as basis for upgrading policies or programs protecting women teenagers who are nowadays, much prone to pregnancy.
Teenagers. This will provide insights on avoiding such problem and to be always conscious to the consequences brought on teenage pregnancy.
Parents. The results will give them an abet as to be always responsible in handling their offsprings especially their daughters to avoid such predicament.
Community. The study will hopefully raise the awareness of the populace on how to deal with teenage pregnancy problems.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The nature of the study requires the utilization of descriptive method of research with the use of the questionnaire as a main data gathering tool.
The Flow of the Study
Figure 2 presents the flow of the study. It will involve the collection of data that will answer questions concerning information related to respondents’ profile as to economic condition, age, gender and educational attainment. Moreover the study will know the perception of the parents and the problems encounter of the respondents in teenage pregnancy. The sequence of the study will be through the formulation of the questionnaire, informal interviews and statistical computation and analysis. Finally, the output of this study will serve as a basis for awareness of the teenagers especially women.
Research Environment
The locale of the study is Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City. At present, the Barangay has 7 blocks. To locate the place, San Nicolas Parish Church is the indication in getting there.
The usual source of income of the residents is the fish. Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City is also located near the Pasil Fish Market.
That is why sometimes, the place is wrongly known as Barangay Pasil because the Fish Market is just close to the Barangay Sawang Calero.
Figure 3 shows the map which locates the Barangay Sawang Calero Cebu City.
Research Respondents
Women teenagers from 12 to 19 years old and the parents of the teenagers will be the target population of this study. These teenagers will be taken by using a random sampling method that particularly underwent into an teenage pregnancy. These respondents must only be living under the blocks of Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City and preferably willing to share their experiences on teenage pregnancy.
Research Instrument
The questionnaire will be the main instrument to use inorder to gather data. This will be composed of two types. The first questionnaire will be for the teenage pregnant women with their profile in terms of their age, gender and educational attainment together with their problems undergone in teenage pregnancy. The second will be for the profile of the parents in terms of their economic condition which includes their perceptions toward teenage pregnancy.
Research Procedures
The researcher will personally administer the pre- testing of the questionnaire to the women teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy and to the parents of the target respondents to yield an improvement whether it is needed to be added or omitted. The questionnaire will then be revised and be distributed to the same respondents.
Statistical Treatment
The study will be administered using the questionnaire, the frequency of responses will be tallied, collated and tabulated by using these procedures:
1. To determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age and educational attainment and the economic condition of the parents, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used using this formula.
p = f x 100%
n
where:
p is percentage
f is frequency
N is number of cases
100% is constant

2. To analyze and interpret the data of the perception of the parents, the weighted mean will be used using the formula:
x = fw
N

where:

x is weighted mean
f is frequency
w is weights 3, 2, 1
N is number of cases

To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:

Weights Descriptive Rating
3 - Strongly Agree (SA)
2 – Agree (A)
1 – Disagree (D)
3. To find out the significant relationship in the perception of the parents regarding teenage pregnancy to t he profile of the respondents (teenage pregnant women and parents), the formula will be used.
x 2 = ( fo-fe)2
fe

where:

fo is observed frequency
fe is expected frequency
x is chi square
To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:

Weights Descriptive Rating
3- Clearly Manifested (CM)
2- Manifested (M)
1- Not manifested (NM)
4. To identify the problems encountered, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used similar to that of number 1.
Scoring Procedure
The data will be scored in accordance to the following given categories:
Perceptions of the Parents toward Teenage Pregnancy