TEENAGE PREGNANCY IN BARANGAY SAWANG CALERO CEBU CITY

____________________________________________

An Undergraduate Thesis Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Languages, Literature
and Communication Department
College of Arts and Sciences
Cebu Technological University, Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Ave. corner R. Palma St. Cebu City


________________________________________________________________

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement in
Fundamentals in Developmental Research & Extension
Engl 5A

_____________________________________________________
by


CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
March 2011
ACKNOWLEDGMENT

An intense thank to God Almighty for His spiritual guidance, eternal love, divine protection, strength and wisdom for making this work possible.
My profound thanks and heartfelt gratitude for the extensive cooperation and assistance of the following vital people:
Dr. Edwin A. Pilapil for his guidance, comments, suggestions and patience in helping this research worthy.
To my Parents for their love, support and guidance.
To my Sisters and Brothers- In- Law for giving their best support.
To Calidguid Family who let me use their computer for me to encode and search related matters of my study.
To the Library (College of Advanced Studies) for letting me stay in the place.
To my Classmates who shared their ideas, efforts and assistance upon doing this study.
To my Friends who are always there in giving me an abet and suggestions.

CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO
DEDICATIONS

This work is sincerely and heartily dedicated to the following for their support, adoration, affection and for being my precious gem in life:

My Parents
Ricardo B. Orbiso
Marites T. Orbiso
My Nephews
Abednigue Zadrach O. Encarguez
Marvin O. Perez
Mark Vanness O. Perez
My Sisters
Maricar O. Encarguez
Rhea Mae O. Perez

CHRISTIANNE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page…………………………………………………………………………….i
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………….ii
Dedication………………………………………………………………………........iii
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….....iv

Chapter Page

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE…………………………………………

Introduction…………………………………………………………………..
Rationale of the Study……………………………………………….
Theoretical Background………………………………………………
Theoretical Framework………………………………………………
The Problem
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….
Null Hypothesis………………………………………………………
Significance of the Study…………………………………………….
Research Methodology……………………………………………………….
Flow of the Study…………………………………………………….
Research Environment……………………………………………….
Research Respondents………………………………………………..
Research Instrument………………………………………………….
Research Procedures………………………………………………….
Statistical Treatment………………………………………………….
Scoring Procedure……………………………………………………
DEFINITION OF TERMS…………………………………………..

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………..
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………
Letter for the Barangay Captain……………………………………….
Letter for the Parents………………………………………………….
Questionnaires…………………………………………………………….

Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………….













THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

Rationale of the Study
The inevitable growth of different things in this modern era usually yields bad exemplifications in life. Due to the non- stop evolution of man’s wit and skills, various things had been discovered and innovated. One example of which is the existence of media in the world that is somewhat affecting the status of living of the individuals especially to the teenagers. This could be the pace in putting the lives of the teenagers to venture and risk. The influence of the television shows, sexually explicited movies, weakening of the family bond, discarding of values practices and the like can be the reasons for the teenagers to commit sex drive.
Sex drive is a predisposition to seek sexual and sex- related response from one or more others and awakens in early teens and remains powerful throughout life. (Horton, 1984). This is why the number of cases of teenage pregnancy had risen up.
In the Philippines, according to the 2002 Young Adult Fertility and Sexuality Study by the University of the Philippines Population Institute (UPPI) and the Demographic Research and Development Foundation, 26 percent of Filipino youth nationwide from ages 15 to 25 admitted that they had a premarital sex experience. The worst is that 38 percent of our youth are already in a live-in arrangement.
The number of teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy are 16.5 million which belong to the 15-24 year old age group. We are forced with a glaring truth that at a very young age, a lot of Filipino young people today have children of their own. 30 % of all births belong to this age group and by the age of 20, 25% of the youth are already mothers. (http://www.philippinestoday.net/index.php?module=article&view=1294)
Hence, as observed in the barangay of Sawang Calero Cebu City, teenage pregnancy is one of the rapid predicaments in the locality. The study will look into the respondents who had experienced this problem and to the perception of the parents with regard to this matter. On the other hand, the result will be posed to the Barangay Officials for them to give action in such a way that this will be mitigated or even solved and to awaken the teenagers especially women from the unconsciousness of the bitter effects of teenage pregnancy.
Theoretical Background
Teenagers are meant to enjoy their lives to the fullest for adolescence is the stage to explore, discover and fulfill.
Yet, most of the teenagers are unaware of the things that surround them. Due to the full enjoyment, eagerness and unconsciousness, things that they do ended up to hopelessness. Being a teenager is innate to be immature but despite the immaturity, awareness must always be present no matter what actions that these teenagers are into.
Unfortunately, some teenagers led to failures because of the wrong choice. The population of the teenagers who got pregnant is fast rising. This study seeks a further understanding on the perceptions of the parents, the problems encountered by the teenagers and how this affects to the lives of the teenagers.
The theoretical perspective of this study is based on the Critical Feminist Theory.
Critical Feminist Theory focuses keenly on power relations and linked issues such as the unequal status and privilege accorded to women compared to that accorded to men.
This theory is subsets of two boarder groups of theories: Feminist Theory and Critical Theory.
Feminist theory is patriarchy which is a system that reflects primarily the interests, perspectives and experience of men as a group.
Critical Theory aims to identify prevailing structures and practices that create or uphold disadvantage, inequity or oppression and to point the way toward alternatives that promote more egalitarian possibility for individuals, relationships, groups and societies. (Baxter & Braithwaite, 2008).
When Critical and Feminist Theory collide, the results are, this theory now identifies, critiques, seeks to change inequities and discrimination specifically to sex and gender.
This theory is strongly focusing to the empowerment and to give voice for the women because some women nowadays are victims of human trafficking, sexual harassment and indulged into sex relations that even in the modern era, the victims are getting younger and younger.
Teenagers at the present time became more prone to the crime distinctively to sex- oriented matters. That’s why, the rising growth of teenage pregnancy is rapid in different places may it be internationally, nationally and even in local places.
Theoretical Framework
The focus of the study is to promote awareness on teenage pregnancy in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City.
The problem will be answered by the teenagers who are pregnant or by the people who undergone or experienced teenage pregnancy.






Critical Feminist Theory














Figure 1. Theoretical Background
THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem
The study aims to assess the outcome and perceptions of teenage pregnancy to the respondents in Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City during Calendar Year 2011 as basis for awareness.
Specifically, this study seeks to investigate the following questions.
1. What is the profile of the group in terms of:
1.1 Parents
1.1.1 Economic Condition?
1.2 Teenage Pregnant Woman
1.2.1 Age of Pregnancy?
1.2.2 Educational Attainment?
2. What are the perceptions of the parents toward teenage pregnancy in terms of:
2.1 Health Problems?
2.2 Social Concern?
2.3 Financial Problem?
2.4 Emotional Aspect?
2.5 Religious Factor?
3. Is there a significant relationship between the profile of the group and perceptions of parents toward teenage pregnancy?
4. What problems do the respondents encountered in teenage pregnancy?
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the perceptions of the parents toward teenage pregnancy.
Significance of the Study
This study will greatly help the following groups:
Barangay Officials. The findings of this study will serve as basis for upgrading policies or programs protecting women teenagers who are nowadays much prone to pregnancy.
Teenagers. This will provide insights on avoiding such problem and to be always conscious to the consequences brought by teenage pregnancy.
Parents. The results will give them abet as to be always responsible in handling their daughters to avoid such predicament.
Community. The study will hopefully raise the awareness of the populace on how to deal with teenage pregnancy problems.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The nature of the study requires the utilization of descriptive method of research with the use of the questionnaire as a main data gathering tool.
The Flow of the Study
Figure 2 presents the flow of the study. It will involve the collection of data that will answer questions concerning information related to respondents’ profile as to economic condition, age of pregnancy, gender and educational attainment. Moreover, the study will know the perceptions of the parents and the problems encountered of the respondents in teenage pregnancy. The sequence of the study will be through the formulation of the questionnaire, informal interviews and statistical computation and analysis. Finally, the output of this study will serve as a basis for awareness of the teenagers especially women.
Research Environment
The locale of the study is Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City. At present, the Barangay has 7 blocks. To locate the place, San Nicolas Parish Church is the indication in getting there.
The usual source of income of the residents is the fish. Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City is also located near the Pasil Fish Market.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

I. Profile of the group
A. Parents
1. Economic Condition

B. Teenage Pregnant Women

1. Age of Pregnancy
2. Educational Attainment
II. Perceptions of the Parents on Teenage Pregnancy
III. Problems encountered in Teenage Pregnancy















FIGURE 2
THE FLOW OF THE STUDY
That is why sometimes, the place is wrongly known as Barangay Pasil because the Fish Market is just close to the Barangay Sawang Calero.
Figure 3 shows the map which locates the Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City.
Research Respondents
Women who are teenagers and who underwent teenage pregnancy and the parents of the main respondents will be the target population of this study. These teenagers will be taken by using a random sampling method. These respondents must only be living under the blocks of Barangay Sawang Calero, Cebu City and preferably, willing to share their experiences on teenage pregnancy.
Research Instrument
The questionnaire will be the main instrument to use inorder to gather data. This will be composed of two types. The first questionnaire will be for the teenage pregnant women, the main respondents with their profile in terms of their age of pregnancy and educational attainment together with their problems undergone in teenage pregnancy. The second will be for the profile of the parents in terms of their economic condition which includes their perceptions toward teenage pregnancy.
Research Procedures
The researcher will personally administer the pre- testing of the questionnaire to the women teenagers who underwent teenage pregnancy and to the parents of the target








FIGURE 3
MAP OF THE LOCALE
respondents to yield an improvement whether it is needed to be added or omitted. The questionnaire will then be revised and be distributed to the same respondents.
Statistical Treatment
The study will be administered using the questionnaire. The frequency of responses will be tallied, collated and tabulated by using these procedures:
1. To determine the profile of the respondents in terms of age of pregnancy and educational attainment and the economic condition of the parents, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used using this formula.
p = f x 100%
n

where

p is percentage
f is frequency
N is number of cases
100% is constant

2. To analyze and interpret the data of the perceptions of the parents, the weighted mean will be used using the formula:

x= fw/N

where

x is weighted mean
f is frequency
w is weights 3, 2, 1
N is number of cases

To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:

Weights Descriptive Rating
3 - Strongly Agree (SA)
2 – Agree (A)
1 – Disagree (D)
3. To find out the significant relationship in the perceptions of the parents regarding teenage pregnancy to the profile of the groups (teenage pregnant women and parents), the formula will be used.

where:

fo is observed frequency
fe is expected frequency
x is chi square
To quantify the response category, weights will be assigned as follows:
Weights Descriptive Rating
3- Well Experienced (WM)
2- Experienced (E)
1- Not Experienced (NE)
4. To identify the problems encountered, the frequency distribution with the percentage computation will be used similar to that of number 1.
Scoring Procedure
The data will be scored in accordance to the following given categories:
Perceptions of the Parents toward Teenage Pregnancy
Weight Numerical Ranges Adjectival Interpretation Verbal Description
3 2.34- 3.00 Strongly Agree (SA) The choices are very agreeable.
2 1.67- 2.33 Agree (A) The choices are agreeable.
1 1.00- 1.66 Disagree (D) The choices are not agreeable.

Problems encountered by the Teenage Pregnant Women
Weight Numerical Ranges Adjectival Interpretation Verbal Description
3 2.34- 3.00 Well Experienced (WE) The options are very clear.
2 1.67- 2.33 Experienced (E) The options are clear.
1 1.00- 1.66 Not Experienced (NE) The options are not clear.









DEFINITION OF TERMS
To avoid confusion due to the varied connotations of words, the following terms were defined operationally and conceptually as used in this research report:
Teenagers are the persons in the teen years who are the target respondents in this research study.
Pregnancy is the condition of being pregnant or the act of carrying an unborn young within the body.
Teenage Pregnancy is a condition of carrying an unborn baby at an early age.
Perceptions of the Parents refer to the evaluation of the problems toward teenage pregnancy.
Profile of the Respondents operationally refers to the parents’ and teenage pregnant women’s characteristics in terms of economic condition, age of pregnancy and educational attainment.
Basis for awareness is the product aimed of this study for the other teenagers to be conscious about the effect of teenage pregnancy.



BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

Baxter, Leslie A. et al. (2008). Engaging Theories in Interpersonal Communication.
Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Horton, Paul B. (1984). Sociology, 6th Ed. U.S.A.: McGrawhill, Inc.
Litchman, Ronnie. (2001). Pregnancy, Birth and Family Planning. U.S.A.: American
Library.
Mills, Wright C. (2000). The Sociological Imagination. New York: Oxford University
Press.
Simkin, Penny. (2001). Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Newborn. Australia: Hinkler
Books.
Stoppard, Miriam. (2000). Conception, Pregnancy and Birth. London: Darling
Kindersley.

UNPUBLISHED MATERIAL

Ceniza, Anabelle V. (2001). Education Information on Abortion provided by Health
Care Givers, Tagbilaran City: A proposed Prevention and Post Abortion
Copunselling Program. University of Bohol, Tagbilaran City, Philippines

WEBSITES

www.devcompage.com
www.google.com
www.scidev.net












APPENDICES









APPENDIX A
A LETTER OF REQUEST FOR THE BARANGAY CAPTAIN

Cebu Technological University, Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Avenue corner R. Palma St.
Cebu City

March 26, 2011

Benjamin O. Zabate
Barangay Captain
Sawang Calero, Cebu City

To Whom It May Concern:

I am currently working with my research proposal entitled, “Teenage Pregnancy in Barangay Sawang Calero Cebu City”.
Since my respondents are the populace who are under your control, your note of permission to conduct the study is of great significance.
Your moral support to this request will be highly appreciated!

Very truly yours,
CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO

BENJAMIN O. ZABATE
Barangay Captain
APPENDIX B
LETTER FOR THE PARENTS

March 26, 2011


Dear Parents,


Good day!

I am on the process of doing my thesis in Fundamentals of Developmental Research and Extension entitled “Teenage Pregnancy in Barangay Sawang Calero Cebu City”.

I am asking a favor from you to answer the questions for you and for your daughter.


Your cooperation is highly needed.

Godspeed!


Respectfully yours,

CHRISTIANNE ERIC T. ORBISO

QUESTIONNAIRE

Name:

I. PROFILE OF THE PARENTS
Direction: Put a check mark (/) in your answer on the following questions.

1. Economic Condition

 Self- Employed
 Temporary on Casual Employment
 Permanently Employed
 Not Employed at all
Others, please specify:

2. Perceptions of the Parents toward Teenage Pregnancy:
3 - Strongly Agree (SA)
2 – Agree (A)
1 – Disagree (D)
3
(SA) 2
(A) 1
(D)
2.1 Health Problems
a. can yield AIDS/HIV
b. can yield Urinary Track Infection (UTI)
c. can yield Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
2.2 Social Concern
a. deprived by people and bothered by the gossips
b. evasion of mingling others
c. neglected by other teenagers
2.3 Financial Problem
a. dependent to parents
b. forced to work in low salary working place
c. has neck- deep debt
2.4 Emotional Aspect
a. prone to depression
b. lead to despair
c. lead to repentance
2.5 Religious Factor
a. thankful to God
b. put bad impression to God
c. do not believe to God







QUESTIONNAIRE

Name:

I. PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Direction: Put a check mark (/) in your answer on the following questions.

1. Age of Pregnancy
 24-26
 21-23
 18-20
 15-17
 12-14

2. Educational Attainment
 Elementary Undergraduate
 Elementary Graduate
 High School Undergraduate
 High School Graduate
 College Undergraduate
 College Graduate
 Vocational Course
Others, please specify:

3. Problems encountered in Teenage Pregnancy

3- Well Experienced (WE)
2- Experienced (E)
1- Not experienced (NE)
3
(WE) 2
(E) 1
(NE)
Financial needs
Deprived by others
Bothered by the gossips
Hopelessness
Repentance
Condemned by the parents
Led to unwanted pregnancy
Thought of abortion
Education is sacrificed
Left by the partner

Others, please specify:






MGA PANGUTANA
Pangalan:

I. Para sa Ginikanan
Direksyon: Palihug sa pagbutang ug tsek (/) sa tubag sa mga musunud nga pangutana.

1. Kahimtang sa Pagpuyu

 Adunay kaugalingung trabaho
 Temporaryo nga nagtrabaho
 Permanenteng nagtrabaho
 Walay trabaho
Uban pa, palihug hinanli:

2. Panan- aw sa Ginikanan

3- Kusganung niuyun (KN)
2- Niuyun (N)
1- Wala niuyun (WN)
3
(KN) 2
(N) 1
(WN)
2.1 Problema sa Panglawas
a. makahatag ug AIDS/HIV
b. makahatag ug Urinary Track Infection (UTI)
c. makahatag ug Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)
2.2 Problema sa Kumunidad
a. talikdan sa ubang tawo ug samukan sa mga tsismis
b. maglikay sa pagpakig- uban sa laing tawo
c. dili duulun sa ubang kabatan-unan
2.3 Problema sa Kwarta
a. magsalig sa ginikanan
b. mapugus sa pagpanarbahu sa gamay nga sweldo
c. daghan ug utang
2.4 Kabahin sa Emosyon
a. duul sa depresyun
b. wala nay paglaum
c. mabasulun
2.5 Relihiyusung Aspeto
a.. mapasalamatun sa Ginuu
b. basulun ang Ginuu
c. dili na mutuu ug Ginuu








MGA PANGUTANA
Pangalan:

I. Kabahin sa Batan-ong Nagsabak
Direksyon: Palihug sa pagbutang ug tsek (/) tubag sa mga musunud nga pangutana.

1. Edad sa Pagkamabdus
 24-26
 21-23
 18-19
 15-17
 12-14

2. Kinatas-ang Gradu nga Nakab-ut
 Wala nahuman sa Elementarya
 Nahuman sa Elementarya
 Wala nahuman sa Sekundarya
 Nahuman sa Sekundarya
 Wala nahuman sa Kolehiyo
 Nahuman sa Kolehiyo
 Bokasyun nga Kursu
Uban pa, palihug hinganli:

II. Problema nga naagian sa sayu nga Pagsabak

3- Grabi nga Nasulayan (GN)
2- Nasulayan(N)
1- Wala Masulayi(WM)
3
(GN) 2
(N) 1
(WN)
Problema sa kwarta
Gitalikdan sa ubang tawo
Gisamukan sa mga tsismis
Nawad- an ug paglaum
Nagabasul
Naabut sa pagkawalay gustu nga pagsabak
Naghuna- huna sa pagpalaglag
Ang edukasyon nasakripisyu
Gibiyaan sa kapares

Uban pa, palihug hinganli:







CURRICULUM VITAE


Christianne Eric T. Orbiso
General Gines St. Sawang Calero, Cebu City
09323472250-xiannard@yahoo.com


PERSONAL DATA

Nationality : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Date of Birth : February 23, 1993


EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary
Cebu Technological University, Main Campus
M.J. Cuenco Avenue Cebu City
Bachelor of Science in Development Communication
2009 to present
Secondary
Colonia National High School
Colonia, Tuburan, Cebu
A.Y. 2008-2009
Elementary
Caridad, Elementary School
Caridad, Tuburan, Cebu
2004-2005

SEMINARS ATTENDED

Strategic Communication: Cebu Technological University
The Impact of Broadcast Media Main Campus (LC)
to Development February 2011

Cebuano Journalism Cebu Technological University
Main Campus (SAC)
February 2011

Community Participatory Action Research Cebu Technological University
Main Campus (LC)
January 2011

Marshall McLuhan Forum Series University of San Jose- Recoletos
on Responsible Media Main Campus
“The Messenger as the Victim and Shooter: December 2010
From Maguindanao to Manila”

Kapisanan ng mga Brodkaster ng Pilipinas Cebu Technological University
Main Campus (VIEWING ROOM)
September 2010